| More commonly referred to as an MP3 player, a digital audio player ("DAP") is a portable handheld electronic device that stores, organizes and plays audio files. Some DAPs are also referred as portable media players as they have image-viewing and/or video-playing support. Most DAPs are powered by rechargeable batteries, some of which are not user replaceable. Listening to music stored on DAPs is typically through earphones connected with a 3.5 mm jack. Internal speakers and docking stations are also available.
Digital audio players are generally categorized by storage media:
* Flash-based Players – These are non mechanical solid state devices that hold digital audio files on internal flash memory or removable flash media called memory cards. Due to technological advancements in flash memory, these originally low-storage devices are now available commercially ranging up to 16 GB. Because they are solid state and do not have moving parts they require less battery power and may be more resilient to hazards such as dropping or fragmentation than hard disk-based players. Basic MP3 player functions are commonly integrated into USB flash drives.
* Hard drive-based Players or Digital Jukeboxes – Devices that read digital audio files from a hard disk drive (HDD). These players have higher capacities currently ranging up to 160 GB. At typical encoding rates, this means that thousands of songs – perhaps an entire music collection – can be stored on one player. Because of the storage capacity, devices that also display video and pictures are often hard disk drive based. Such multi-media devices are usually called portable media players (PMPs).
* MP3 CD Players – Portable CD players that can decode and play MP3 audio files stored on CDs.
A video game developer is a software developer (a business or an individual) that creates video games. A developer may specialize in a certain video game system, such as the Sony PlayStation 3, Microsoft Xbox 360, the Nintendo Wii, or may develop for a variety of systems, including personal computers. RY Wireless Headphones
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Some developers also specialize in certain types of games, such as RPGs or FPSs, an example of which would be Square-Enix who are mainly associated with the RPG genre. Some focus on porting games from one system to another. Some focus on translating games from one language to another, especially from Japanese to English. An unusual few do other kinds of software development work in addition to games.
Most video game publishers, such as Electronic Arts, Activision, and Sony, do maintain development studios, but these companies are generally called "publishers" and not "developers", as publishing is the primary activity of these companies.
Outside of publishers, there are well over 1,000 video game development companies today.[citation needed] Many are tiny 1- or 2-person operations creating Flash games for the web, or games for cell phones. Others are large companies with studios in multiple locations, with hundreds of employees. As a rule, developers are privately held companies; only a very few non-publishing developers have ever been publicly traded companies.
A computer role-playing game (CRPG[1]) is a broad video game genre originally developed for personal computers and other home computers. The earliest CRPGs were inspired by early role-playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons, and attempted to provide a similar play experience.
Despite the vast spectrum of different features and game styles that exist in the CRPG genre, there are some common elements. Probably the most salient commonality is that of the avatar, with its quantized characteristics that evolve over the course of the game, and take the place of the gamer's own skill in determining game outcomes. Another common element in CRPGs is that they usually feature a well-developed fictional setting.
Gameplay elements strongly associated with CRPGs, such as statistical character development, have been widely adapted to other video game genres. For example, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, an action game, uses resource statistics (abbreviated as "stats") to define a wide range of attributes including stamina, weapon proficiency, driving, lung capacity, and muscle tone, and uses numerous cutscenes and quests to advance the story. Warcraft III, a real-time strategy game, features heroes that can complete quests, obtain new equipment, and learn new abilities as they advance in level. Some players might say that what separates these from games traditionally termed CRPGs is the inclusion of material not normally considered part of CRPGs, more than the absence of content which often is. However, many CRPG fans would say that the exclusion of these games from the genre stems from a lack of decision in character advancement, one of the key aspects in most CRPGs Discount Elecrtonics Bargains
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As computer games started becoming graphically and computationally complex in the 1990's, with games such as Quake and Tomb Raider using hardware accelerated graphics, the concept of building PCs specifically for gaming was born. As such, the power of a gaming PC's GPU has always been the top priority [3]. In the early and mid 90's, companies such as Voodoo PC, Falcon Northwest and Alienware, focusing entirely on gaming and high-end PCs were launched. Games like The 7th Guest and Myst [4] helped CD-ROMs and sound cards become far more popular. In 1998, AMD incorporated the 3DNow! instruction set into their K6-2 CPU line as well as every CPU model thereafter. The technology was designed for vector processing, a frequent task in 3D games. Intel responded with Streaming SIMD Extensions in the Pentium III, which AMD eventually also incorporated from Athlon XP onwards. However, it wasn't until the 2000's when major computer manufacturers such as Dell made any serious attempts at building gaming PC's.
[edit] The Rising Cost of Gaming PCs
The cost of gaming PCs has also increased significantly. As an example, the graphics card ATI Radeon 9700 Pro was released at US$399 in 2002. [5]. If one factor is SLI or CrossFire, it is possible to spend even the equivalent on that of an older automobile in graphics cards alone, for a high-end gaming experience.[6]
It should be noted, however, that those parts does not represent major sales. Manufacturers are targeting the ultra-high-end parts market, but the majority of gaming PCs uses older parts such as outdated graphics cards, from older generations (such as nVidia series 6 videocards) and older CPUs (e.g.: Single-core CPUs) [7] , as well as any other computer peripherals, fitting the user's necessity, budget and/or interest in final performance.
Also, a further boost to the potential cost was made when CPU manufacturers started releasing gaming and overclocking specific CPUs, often at the top of the price range. Examples can be shown such as "Pentium Extreme Edition" and Athlon FX series in 2003[8] by Intel and AMD respectively. Similar to the ultra-high end graphics cards, these CPUs are not commonly used. To reduce final cost, a gaming PC can be built and overclocked by the user, and thus, a low-end to mid-end range CPU is used and overclocked to higher frequencies, supplying its lack of performance compared to top-of-the-line hardware, but adding in for economic values.
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